Aeroplane.



P. ALLINIO.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1. 1917.

1,292,415. Patented Jan. 28, 1919.

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P. ALLINIO.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1, 1917.

Patented Jim. 28, 1919.

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PETER ALLINIO, OF EL GERRITO, CALIFORNIA.

AEBOPLANE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 28, 1919.

Application filed November 1, 1917. Serial No, 199,628.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER ALLINIO, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at El Cerrito, in the county of Contra Costa and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inAeroplanes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of aeroplanes in which pendulous swaying structures, by their tendency to maintain their equilibrium, are made the motive for automatic control or balance.

In a previous Patent No. 1062074, issued to me May 20, 1913, I disclose a machine of this class, in which provision is made for the automatic control of both the lateral and longitudinal balance, the former being due to the movement of the ailerons by the pendulous action of the freely suspended car, and the latter being effected by the fore and aft swinging movement of the seat acting on the elevator plane of the horizontal tailplane or stabilizer.

My present invention relates more particularly to the longitudinal balance, and it consists in the novel means for automatically operating the elevator planes of the taillane or stabilizer, together With certain etails of constructlon, all of which I shall hereinafter full describe by reference to the accompanying rawings, in .which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of my aeroplane.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the same, the propeller being omitted.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the hanging of the seat, and its several connections.

. Fig. 4: is a detail of the skeleton frame of the car.

Fig. 5 is a detail of means for hinging the members of the planes. 1

1 indicates the main planes, a biplane being herein shown for the sake of illustration, though it may be a monoplane or a multiplane as the case may be. These planes 1 are connected rigidly by uprights 6, and the plane-structure is suitably tied up to or connected with the upper and lower cross bars 4; and 5 of an A-frame 2, .which rises above the upper plane and has in its to a cross bar 3. This A-frame 2 lies at the rent and back of the planes 1' at their transverse middle, as seen in Fig. 2.

7 is a car, hung pendulously for lateral swinging, by a frame 8, from the top cross bar 3 of the main-plane frame 2, the move-' ment of the car being limited by an arcuate bracket 9 secured to the base of the hangerframe 8, (see Fig. 2) which bracket slidably engages the lower ends of the main-plane frame 2.

10 are the ailerons. These are hinged at 11, Figs. 1 and 2, to the rear side of the upper main plane, at each end thereof, as seen in Fig. 2. To automatically operate these ailerons, to effect the lateral balance, I have connections substantially similar to those disclosed in my previous patent, above referred to, and which may be briefly described as follows:

14; in Fig. 2 is a line made fast at one side of a foot frame 13 of the car-hanger frame 8 which foot frame carries the ground wheels 12. Thence the line passes to a pulley 15 in the left extremity of the upper plane 1, and thence to a guide pulley 15' and thence around a drum 16 mounted revolubly on the cross bar 3 of the frame 2. Thence the line passes to a guide pulley 17 and thence to a pulley 17 in the right extremity of the plane,-

and thence to the other side of the foot-frame 7 13 to which it is secured. Thus by the relative lateral movement of the car and main planes, a rotary movement .will be transmitted to the drum 16. This movement of the drum is made to operate the ailerons. Each of the latter has secured to it an arm 18 projecting above and below it (see Fig. 1). A line 19 is secured to the'top of one of these arms and thence extends to a guide pulley 20 and thence around a drum 16' on the same hub with the drum 16 but of smaller diameter, and thence about "a pulley 21, and to the top of the arm 18 of the opposite aileron. Fig. 2. A second line 22, suitably guided at 23 and 24. Fig. 2, and passing under the plane lengthwise, is secured to the lower ends of the arms 18 of both ailerons. .It .Will now be seen that as the drum 16 is oscillated, it will, through the lines 19 and 22, cause the simultaneous opposite movements of the ailerons, and these movements,

is the motor, 26 is the propeller, 27 is the radiator, 28-isthe gasolene tank, and 29 are the ground skids. The automatic control of the longitudinal balance of the present a improvement is as follows Supported by guys 30 from the cross bar 3 of the main frame 2 is the horizontal tail plane- 3 1;,-extending from the rear of the car. Hinged to the rear edge of this plane at 10 aretwo of these elevator planes, one beside other, onefonly beihghere shown in side elvatibh of F ig'l l. Each elevator plane is pr'vieea ah; an arm 3i extending above antllbfelow it, which arm is'braced by guys 35. ,.W't n;the1 a .7 i th a e't s 3 nmity a platform or base board 36. Re-

erring nbw, particularly to Fig. 3, in corn j motion with Fig, 1, it will be seen that the seat-basement suspended for free movement fore and hangers 38" suspended from brackets 39 0f thecar. I

To the rear end of the seat-base-board 36 is madejfastaline'40,which as seen in Fig. em from e shel or the ar nd vi :fahfiheii to we of t 13 o th elevator plane33i There are, of course, two qft se fine se-a Shown n one for e h; elevator To the front of the SP1 jfdlfi" ise fi heda u nu k al om extremity of whichextend two 1i 23ti e hwtqg flora, g li s. p l y linesthence extend re'arwardly, and V em gingjfrpni thefcajr shell, as seen in Fig. 35 v, a'ssto an d are se'cured' to the lowerends bf s3 it fl p e' 3- is a guideto prevent side swing of the seat: v

willnow'he seeh'that as the seat 37 ""uhde'r' its e'q uilibrating action, the plane's; automatically raised X to performtheir usual functions and; to the longitudinal balance.

previous patent, hereinbefore referr'd to, the"fore and aft movement of. the seat was' to the elevator plane through 6on2 cti'on s, comprising a pivoted vefti cally' disposed'levr, the ipper end of t1 ei 'ienc'e has} shown-that this is not good cons "that itisl notcompact is1f6ofgi1ue11: ex 'po's'edy In the present an lgfe" entg the contrary is true, because all new eepns Milan s areli eliipos and areconipa'ct. The arrangeil s l l $1,5 1 W ik i li' l w the 6 tions vforfoperat'img'; the rudder, will now B eXP eified- H 'iri Fig are verticallydisposed directo which ele ation rudder 45 iie' a eeatbe 46 eciire'd pivotally" at 47 to the front of sh e-i1 (F ,3) is cross 81 Front the extremities of this as lever pass. lines. 49, which are directed by 32 (Fig. 1) is the elevator plane 33'. There wheatnene s relatively "far above the ,XM

of the car and secured respectively to the guide pulleys 50, one to either side of the rudder 45, whereby said rudder is operated.

51 in Fig. 1 is a foot-shield on the car. In order to initially adjust the angle of the main planes with respect to the plane of their travel, I provide the adjusting bolts 52-, shown in Fig. 1. By this adjustment 1 am enabled to set the machine for the desired angle of ascent.

In Fig. 1' I h'ave'shown a portion of the skeleton frame of the car 7. This frame comprises a plurality ofcross ribs 53,; one only being shown," and V shaped longitudinal ribs 54: let into the cross ribs. Between the longitudinal ribs, the cross ribs are grooved out on a concave are as shown at 55. Thefabric covering, not shown, wh'ei'i fitted over this frame, will under the pres sure of the wind belly in on thesefcon'cave arcs" with a uniform contour extending the entire length of the boat and will not present abrupt shoulders and ridges as would be the case if the cross ribs were notcut out, for in such case the fabric wen-111 belly" in between the longitudinal ribs in a series of pockets between the cross ribs, leaving ridges at said cro'ss'r'ibs.

In Fig. 5, I show a form of hinge cohhection for the several members of the planes, which is welladapted for aeroplanes, in-that it avoids metal work;

56 indicate the adjacent frames of we members. These are coveredwith fabric '57, which is stitched at 58 between the frames. This connection is adapted for the'joint between the ailerons and main plane, the joints between the tail plane andthe sieve tor planes, and the joint of the rudder.

In an aeroplane, the combination or the main-plane; a car; a horizontal tail-plane; a pair of side by side elevator planes hinged to the tail-plane, each carrying a cross-arm; an aviators seat-platform; hangers freely suspending said platform within the car for a fore and aft swinging movement; 'a' pair of lines connecting with the rear 'end bf the platform, and thence extending rearwardl through the side walls of the car and- 'con- -'nected one to one end of the'c'ro'ss'bar 'of' 'one of the elevator planes and the other to, one end of the cross bar of the other elevator plane; a line secured to the 'forwai'de'nd of the platform; a pair'of branches frorii said line extending forwardly; a pair of fined guides carried by thecar forwardof the platform and around which said branches respectively pass, and said branches thence extending rearwardly through the side walls other ends of the cross bars of the elevatorplanes; a vertically disposed rudderhing'ed to the car a foot cross-lever pivoted to the forward end of the aviators .s'eafipl-atforin;

pair of lines connected. respeetivel-jr was. we

the ends of the cross lever and thence di- In testimony whereof I have signed my rected rearwardly above the car to either name to this specification in the presence of side of the rudder; lower guides for said two subscribing witnesses. lines carried by the rear of the seat-plat- PETER ALLINIO.

5 form; and upper guides lying in the pivotal Witnesses:

axis of the platform, over which said lines WM. F. Boom, pass in their course to the rudder. D. B. RICHARDS.

copies or this patent may be obtslned for the cents esch, by addressing the Commissioner 0! Patents, Washington, D. 0." 

